OK. I watched the video (quite long). The main issue is to get the filter working with the archive.
I see two forms in the back office. One is set to Shortcode method, one is set to Elementor Posts.
I think what you want/need is to use Elementor Posts Module. You can make a custom skin maybe, maybe using Ele Custom Skins. You can add text modules to that which use ACF fields as the source.
Have you already designed a post module (maybe custom skin) to have this layout that you want? That is the place to start. If so, where can I see what you made already?
If you have not made such a Post module, can you make one and put it on a page for me to see?